Abstract
Background
Hemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death.
Clinical importance
This review addresses the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock can be rapidly fatal and is the leading cause of death in human trauma patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock is imperative in understanding the current hemostatic and resuscitative strategies and is foundational to the development of new therapeutic options.
Key Points
Shock is a state of inadequate cellular energy production and can be triggered by many causes
Both traumatic and non-traumatic causes of hemorrhage can lead to the development of hemorrhagic shock
Prompt recognition and attenuation of hemorrhage is paramount in preventing the onset or potentiation of hemorrhagic shock
Acute hemorrhage produces distinct physiological responses depending on the magnitude and rate of hemorrhage.
Hemorrhagic shock may be directly related to the initial injury but may also be exacerbated and complicated by a post-traumatic coagulopathy, termed acute traumatic coagulopathy
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, Volume 32, Issue S1, Page 22-31, January 2022.Wiley: Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care: Table of Contents